Volumetric analysis

Indicators

All pH profiles have an equivalence point and an end point. The end point is determined by the indicator used. An indicator is chosen that changes colour very close to the equivalence point.

In the animation on the left, phenolphthalein is used. It changes from clear to pink at pH 8 -10. Looking at the pH profile the end point is quickly reached after the equivalence point with minimal addition of base.

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