1) Which of the following contains a chiral carbon?

Solution

2) Which one of the following structures represents a zwitterion of a 2-amino acid?

Solution

3) The glycaemic index (GI) indicates how quickly carbohydrates in food are broken down and raise a person’s blood glucose level. The table below shows the percentage of amylose and amylopectin in the carbohydrate content of four foods, P, Q, R and S. Based on this information, which one of the foods listed would be expected to have the lowest GI value?

Solution

4) Industrially, ethanol, C₂H₅OH, is made by either of two methods. One method uses ethene, C₂H₄, which is derived from crude oil. The other method uses a sugar, such as sucrose, C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁, and yeast, in aqueous solution. The production of C₂H₅OH from C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ and yeast proceeds according to the equation
C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁(aq) + H₂O(l) → 4C₂H₅OH(aq) + 4CO₂(g)

a. Determine the mass, in grams, of pure C₂H₅OH that would be produced from 1.250 kg of C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ dissolved in water. M(C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁) = 342 g mol^–1

Solution

b. Complete the reaction by
i. writing the formula for the reactant "X" below and
ii. classify this type of reaction
iii. give an appropriate reagent for the final step.

Solution

c. CH₃COOH can be used in the production of esters.
i. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of CH₃COOH with propan-1-ol using semi-structural formulas for all organic compounds.

ii. Write the IUPAC name for the ester product of the equation above.

Solution

5) There are a number of structural isomers for the molecular formula
C₃H₆O. Three of these are propanal, propanone and prop-2-en-1-ol. The skeletal structure for the aldehyde propanal is as shown below.

i. Write the semi-structural formula for the ketone isomer propanone

ii. Draw the structural formula for the isomer prop-2-en-1-ol in the space provided below

Solution