Intra-molecular bonding

Intra-molecular bonding refers to the bonding within a molecule.

Two types of covalent bonds exist within molecules:

- polar covalent;
- pure covalent.

The image on the right shows a molecule of FH . Due to a difference in electronegativity between fluorine and hydrogen, electrons are unevenly shared between the two atoms. This causes the covalent bond to become polar. The side of the covalent bond where electrons spend more time (dark grey area pictured int he animation) will have a slight positive charge while the other side of the bond has a slight positive charge. This type of covalent bond is known as a polar-covalent bond and occurs between two atoms with different electronegativity.

Consider the molecule of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), on the right. This molecule has 4 polar covalent bonds.

So we say that the intramolecular bonding of this is polar-covalent.

Pure-covalent bonds occur between atoms with identical electronegativity. In this way the electrons are evenly shared between the two atoms forming the bond.

The intramolecular bonding of F2 and O2 is pure-covalent.
Negative chlorine ions are attracted to the anode and form chlorine gas. Positive sodium ions are attracted to the cathode and form sodium metal. Power source Water molecules orient themselves to expose their negative end to the positive ion.Water molecules orient themselves to expose their negative end to the positive ion. Water molecules orient themselves to expose their negative end to the positive ion.Water molecules orient themselves to expose their negative end to the positive ion. Water molecules orient themselves to expose their negative end to the positive ion. Water molecules orient themselves to expose their negative end to the positive ion.Water molecules orient themselves to expose their negative end to the positive ion. The water molecules orient themselves to expose their positive end to the negative ion. The water molecules orient themselves to expose their positive end to the negative ion. The water molecules orient themselves to expose their positive end to the negative ion. The fluorine atom attracts the electrons towards it unevenly and results in this end of the molecule having a slightly negative charge. The fluorine atom attracts the electrons towards it unevenly and results in this end of the hydrogen atom having a slightly positive charge. Hydrogen molecule Hydrogen molecule Hydrogen molecule